Drafting
Welcome to Drafting 10/11/12.​
​
In this class, we will develop our skills in:
-
basic sketching
-
designing
-
using CAD software to design and model various projects
​
This course is paced fairly quickly with a lot of assignments – try to stay up to date! There is ample time to complete all assignments IF you use your time wisely!
​
Complete each assignment IN ORDER (ask for help if need be).
​
Demos are usually done to keep up with the fastest students.
​
ALL assignments are a required part of the course.​
Assessment
1. Theory - 15% - Quizzes, assignments, dedicated notebook.
2. Practical Work - 70% - Projects, design portfolios
3. Social Responsibility - 15% clean-up habits, accountability, student service. Record on your Day Sheets.
Drafting Units
Getting Started
Assignments:
-
Computer Setup
-
Creative ID
-
What is an A?
Hand Sketching & Drawing
Assignments:
-
Lettering
-
Hand Sketching
-
Graffiti Tag
-
Isometric
-
Orthographic Drawing Project
CAD
Assignments:
-
Fusion 360 Problems 1-6
-
Keychain
-
Working Drawing
-
Fusion 360 Problems 8-9
-
3 Part Project
Architecture
Assignments:
-
House Sketch
-
Floorplan
-
Scale Model
-
Perspective Drawing
Level 0
Drawing Skills
Computer Assisted Design
Architecture
Passion Project
Passion Project
:
-
x
Level 0
ALL Level 0 tasks MUST be completed by the end of Week 1.
Unit 1
Hand Sketching & Drawing
ABOUT:
One of the core purposes for drafting is communicating clearly; to visually and precisely communicate ideas, measurements, and construction details so others (like builders, manufacturers, or teammates) can understand and use the design without confusion. Clarity is key, both in technical drawings and how they're organized or labeled.
​
This unit is all about learning how to sketch by hand. We’ll practice training our eyes to see details clearly, and draw what’s really there — not just what our brain assumes.
​
HAND DRAWING:
​Lettering – Because your writing is messy, trust me.
Drafting is all about information.
While we need to DRAW clearly and accurately to convey information, when we need text, it must also be clear and accurate.
Hand drawings are hand-labeled. Good pencil-control skills in lettering (we know letters) help us sketch our drawings much better (we are learning drawings).
Assignment 1: Lettering
Keep lettering evenly spaced, touching both guidelines
Download and Print the worksheet here
or ask your instructor for a copy.
Hand Sketching​
Hand Sketching is a vital part of Design and Drafting.
​
Hand sketching is VERY quick and ideal for working out ideas before drawing them accurately on the computer.
​
Fabricators save themselves time in the long-run by sketching their ideas out by hand on paper, or even in chalk on a concrete floor.
When the idea and design is a “keeper,” they'll draw it out in Computer Aided Design (CAD).
​
A large part of this course is brainstorming and design. Developing good sketching skills is vital to your success in this course!
Need help sketching something? Ask! I’m more than happy to help.
Assignment 2: Hand Sketch
Sketch 5 items from around the room in a variety of different views
Place a 10mm border around your drawing
Place a 10mm title strip across the bottom, with your NAME, the TITLE, and the DATE
Letter PROPERLY and staple multiple sheets together!!!
Oblique:
Grafitti Tag
In the previous activity, you sketched how you felt it should look. In Drafting, there are specific “types” of drawings that we use.
The first “proper” styles of drawing is “OBLIQUE.” I like to think of this as Kindergarten 3D.
​
If you start with a straight-on 2D drawing, add 45° lines to give it some depth and finish it off in 3D, you get a proper Oblique Drawing. These are quite easy to draw.
​
Oblique tends to look somewhat “distorted,” since the lines of depth do not converge on a vanishing point (that is, it doesn’t look like it’s getting smaller the further away it goes).
​
One way to make the drawing look less distorted is to draw the depth half size. Full-depth is called “Oblique Cavalier” and half-depth is called “Oblique Cabinet.” Circles will become ellipses, and are a bit tricky to draw.
​
Oblique Drawings are a good choice to show what an object looks like. It is not the best method for production drawings (drawings used to build or fabricate the object).
Assignment 3: Grafitti Tag
Research some Graffiti Tags, and brainstorm your name in 5 different font styles on one sheet of paper.
Draw a good copy in Oblique drawing format (draw a 10mm border around your drawing, with a title strip across the bottom)
Use axonometric “cheater paper” under blank paper to help with the 45° lines or use a triangle.
​
isometric
Isometric Drawing is the second type of pictorial drawing. It is much more realistic looking than Oblique Drawings. An Isometric Drawing looks sort of like an Oblique, except instead of depth coming off a straight-on drawing at 45°, the whole things is sort-of turned 30°
​​
​
​
​
​​​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
Isometric is still not the best style for Production Drawings, but they are better than Oblique for showing the object and the “distortion” appears to be much less.
Assignment 4: Isographic
​​
-
Pick any 6 from the HANDOUT (to the right).
-
Draw your images on a BLANK sheet of paper, with a copy of isometric “cheater paper” underneath to help with the 30° lines.
​
- Place a 10mm border around your drawing
-
Place a 10mm title strip across the bottom, with your NAME, the TITLE, and the DATE
-
Letter PROPERLY and staple multiple sheets together!!!
Click to enlarge
Click to enlarge
Click to enlarge
orthographic
Orthographic Drawings are the best for showing all the detail needed to build an object. Almost ALL production drawings are done in Orthographic.
​
An orthographic drawing is a method to show a 3D object using 2D, straight-on, views. Imagine you're looking at a dice— you can look at it from the front, top, or side. Each of these views gives you different information about the shape. Instead of showing perspective, the orthographic drawings show true dimensions and proportions. This helps builders and fabricators understand what the finished structure will look like from all angles.
​
Orthographic Drawings show two or more straight-on views of the object. They do NOT show depth or 3D; every view is looking at a flat su. They usually have a FRONT view, and whatever auxiliary views needed to convey ALL the required information.
​
Orthographic drawings show each side of the object separately, as if you're looking straight at it — no angles, no 3D tricks. This makes it easier to understand the exact size and shape of each part of the object.
​
Typically, they have three views: FRONT, TOP, & RIGHT SIDE.
These are the most difficult to understand, but once you wrap your head around them, they are pretty easy to draw.
​
It is important to have all your views line up, and the details within the views line up. Make sure the widths and lengths are the SAME on their corresponding views.
The top, front and side views of a 3-D object. Notice that the top and front views are the same width, while the front and side views are the same height. Source.
PROJECT 1: Orthographic Projection
-
Read about THEORY-Orthographic
-
Complete the practice sheet
-
-
Draw a 1:1 Orthographic projection of the given object on 11″ x 17″ paper
-
Place a 10mm border around your drawing
-
Place a 10mm title strip across the bottom, with your NAME, the TITLE, and the DATE
-
Click to enlarge
Unit 2
Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
ABOUT:
This unit will cover how to use computer-aided design (CAD) software such as Fusion 360 or Autodesk Inventor to design and create 3D prototypes. You will also learn how to use a 3D printer to bring your designs to life as a tangible 3D model prototype. These programs are industry standard and are used in a wide range of career fields such as engineering, medicine, manufacturing, machining, fashion, art, and much more.
​
This unit is adapted from the teachings of Mr. Wellwood at George Elliot Secondary School, BC.
​
FUSION 360 Tutorials
​For Your Reference: How To 3D Print
​
Extrusions, Sketching, & Cuts
​
Holes, Rounds & Chamfers
​​​​​
Assignment 5: CAD Problems
PART 1: COMPLETE THE FIRST 2 TUTORIALS AND PROBLEMS. Make sure to save them into your Drafting folder and label them properly!
Get Creative! Project: Keychain design
​
You will use Fusion 360 to design a custom 3D keychain that expresses your identity, interests, or creativity. Designs will be 3D printed and taken home!
Students who have taken Drafting before will have the option to choose an extended project for more complexity.
FUSION 360 Tutorials CONTINUED
Shells, Ribs & Work Planes
​
Feature Modification & Manipulation
​
Revolves, Patterns & Copies
​
Sweeps & Lofts
Assignment 5 continued: CAD Problems
PART 2: FINISH TUTORIALS AND PROBLEMS #3-6. Make sure to save them into your Drafting folder and label them properly!
The importance of dimensions
All Manufacturing and Fabrication industries depend on Drafting. Without Drafting, nothing can be manufactured.
​
The “drawings” that companies use to “Work” from are called “Working Drawings.” A Working Drawing must have enough information that someone could build the object as specified.
​
A Working Drawing must include:
-
All the necessary views to explain the shape
-
All the dimensions and specifications needed to build the object to size, using the proper materials
​
ASK YOURSELF – “Can this object be built without further instructions?”
​
Dimensioning is one of the MOST IMPORTANT parts of Drafting – LEARN THIS!
One view is dimensioned AS MUCH AS YOU CAN
-
On one view has WHATEVER ELSE YOU NEED
-
THE LAST VIEW IS NAKED
​
ONLY show the dimensions you NEED to show to BUILD the object – NOTHING MORE.
​
DO NOT DIMENSION EVERY SINGLE LINE THAT EXISTS! – Be lazy! Only the work you HAVE to.
​
NO REDUNDANT DIMENSIONS (never dimension the same thing twice!).
​
​
-
Dimension lines have ARROWS pointing to EXTENSION LINES.
-
Extension Lines DO NOT touch the object.​​
-
Dimension lines start 10mm from the object and then 8mm apart from each other
-
Overall dimensions are OUTSIDE smaller dimensions and SHALL NOT CROSS
-
Do not duplicate dimensions
-
Do not duplicate dimensions
-
Do not duplicate dimensions
-
Do not duplicate dimensions
-
Dimension on the CLEAREST VIEW, usually:
-
First: on the front view
-
Secondly: on the top view (though in this example, the end view is more clear)
-
Lastly: only if needed, on the side view
-
-
Dimensions go BETWEEN THE VIEWS
-
Dimensioning to CORNERS is better than LINES
-
DO NOT Dimension to hidden lines
-
(if you dimension to hidden lines, I’m going to punch you in the hidden line)
-
-
ARCS are dimensioned by RADIUS (you use a compass to draw them)
-
HOLES are dimensioned by DIAMETER (you use a drill to cut them)
-
YOU MUST DIMENSION HOLE CENTERS!!! (Where is the hole located??)
All-in-one Example​
ENGINEERING DRAWINGS (“Working Drawings”)
​
Problem 7a ​ – Create Engineering Drawings for Problem 1
Problem 7b – Create Engineering Drawings for Tutorial 4​​​
-
Dimension the location of the hole?
-
Dimension the size of the hole?
-
Dimension the center of the Radius?
-
Dimension the size of the radius?
-
Dimension the radius on the edges?
-
Dimension the overall height?
-
Dimension the overall width?
-
Go back and read the rules of dimensioning
​
Problem 7c – Create Engineering Drawings for Tutorial 5​​​
-
Dimension the shape of the revolve?
-
Dimension the sizes of the holes?
-
Dimension the distance of holes from center?
-
“Leader” to say “C-BORE” and counterbore size?
-
Go back and read the rules of dimensioning
​
Problem 7d – Create Engineering Drawings for Tutorial 6A (Hair pin)​​​
-
Dimension the path?
-
Dimension the profile?
-
Convince me that you’ve learned this
Assignment 6: Working Drawings
SHOW your instructor the Problems on screen (I want to KNOW that you got this), then send the PDFs to the handin folder.
​
DO NOT CONTINUE WITHOUT BEING CHECKED!
Assignment 7: Problems 8&9
COMPLETE BOTH TUTORIALS AND PROBLEMS.
Make sure to save them into your Drafting folder and label them properly!
3 Part Project - GET CREATIVE
You will plan, design, and model a 3D object of your choice using Fusion 360. This project is all about exploring your interests and pushing your CAD skills to the next level. It must have three parts.
​
The parts shall count THREE, no more, no less. THREE shall be the number thou shalt count, and the number of the counting shall be THREE. Four shalt thou not count, neither count thou two, excepting that thou then proceed to THREE. Five is right out.
​​​
This Project must be completed THIS TERM;
Don’t waste your time
Don’t waste OTHER PEOPLE’S time;
THEY NEED TO COMPLETE THEIR PROJECT TOO.
​​
For Your Reference: How To 3D Print
​
>>> NO WEAPONS <<<
PROJECT 3: 3 Part Project
Make sure you PRINT THE MARK SHEET (last page of instructions) and fill out the reflection Questions
​
Add your Project folder link to the class directory
Scroll to the bottom of Mr. Wellwood's page to see what students at GESS have done for this project.
Unit 3
Architecture
ABOUT:
This unit will cover all the aspects of architectural design. We will learn the thought-process of designing a home, create floor plans using CAD, and build 3D prototype models.
ARCHITECTURAL Drawing
Dream House Sketch​
What do you want your house to look like? What is the style? Function? Brainstorm your ideas of how you want to design and build your house. What is important to you?
​
Your sketch must include one elevation. An elevation is a type of architectural drawing that shows the outside view of a building, as if you're looking straight at it from one side. Essentially, it is an orthographic drawing of your house.​
Assignment 8: House Sketch
or ask your teacher for a copy.
Please hand in your sketch stapled to the handout.
Assignment 9: Floorplan
K
ARCHITECTURAL CAD
Revit CAD Floorplan
Using Autodesk Revit, you will design your detailed floorplan in feet’ and inches”.
Complete the Balkan Architect floorplan tutorial or all of the Autodesk tutorials before beginning your floorplan.
​
Balkan Architect Tutorial Part 1
Balkan Architect Tutorial Part 2
Autodesk Revit Tutorials Part 1 – 10
​
Your floorplan should include:
-
Exterior/interior walls, windows, doors
-
Fixtures and furniture (sinks, tables, etc.)
-
Finishing materials for walls and roof
-
8′ – 12′ level heights
-
3D rendered design
ARCHITECTURAL prototypes
3D Scale Model
Use a ruler, t-square, and utility knife to cut cardboard to create the walls and roof. Use paint or colour photos to add detail to the walls.
​
Each option will be built to 1:100 scale and will only include the exterior walls and roof. As an extension, you may incorporate some interior design as well.
PROJECT 4: Scale Model
K
Unit 4
Passion Project
ABOUT:
For our last unit, it’s your turn to take the lead. You’ll choose a project that reflects your interests and showcases the drafting, design, and technical skills you’ve built this year. Whether you're into architecture, engineering, or product design, you’ll select one of three pathways:
​
-
Create a technical blueprint of an original object
-
Build an architectural model, either physically or digitally in Revit
-
Design a 3D model in Fusion 360 and bring it to life with our 3D printer
​
This is your opportunity to explore something you’re passionate about—whether it's designing a dream home, engineering a tool, or inventing something new. You’ll plan, design, and present your work with professional-level detail, just like in the real world.
​
PROJECT 5: Final
K